JENIS TEKS (GENRE)
Seperti halnya teks dalam bahasa Indonesia, ada beberapa jenis teks dalam bahasa Inggris, diantaranya seperti :
NO
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GENRE
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SOCIAL FUNCTION
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GENERIC STRUCTURE
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SIGNIFICANT LEXICOGRAMMATICAL FEATURES
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1.
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Recount
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To retell events for the purpose of informing of entertaining
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a. Orientation :
Provides the setting and introduce participants
b. Events :
Tell what happened, in what sequence
c. Re-orientation :
Optional-closure of events
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a. Focus on specific participants
b. Use of material processes
c. Circumstances of time and place
d. Use of past tense
e. Focus on temporal sequence
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2.
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Report
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To describe the way things are; with reference to a range of natural, man made and social phenomena in our environment
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a. General classification :
Tells what the phenomenon under discassion is
b. Description tells what the phenomenon under discussion is like in terms od (1) parts, (2) qualities, (3) habits or behaviours, if living: uses, if non natural
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a. Focus on Generic Participants
b. Use of Relational Processes to state what is and that which it is
c. Use of simple present tense (unless extinct)
d. No temporal sequence
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3.
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Discussion
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To present (at teast) two points of view about an issue
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a. Issue :
- Statement
- Preview
b. Arguments for and against or statement of differing points of view
- Point
- Ellaboration
c. Conclusion or Recommendation
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a. Focus on generic human and generic non-human participants
b. Use of :
- Material Processes
- Relational Processes
- Mental Processes
c. Use of Comparative :
Constractive and Consequential Conjunctions
d. Reasoning expressed as verbs and nouns (abstraction)
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4.
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Explanation
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To explain the processes involved in the formation or workings of natural of socio cultural phenomena
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a. A general statement to position the reader
b. A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs
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a. Focus on generic, non-human participants
b. Use mainly of Material and Relational Processes
c. Use mainly of temporal and causal circumstances and conjunctions
d. Some use of passive voice to get theme right
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5.
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Exposition (Analytical)
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To persuade the reader or listener that something in the case
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a. Thesis
Position :
Introduces topic and indicates writer’s position.
Preview :
Outlines the main arguments to be presented
b. Arguments
Point :
Restates main arguments outlined in preview
Elaboration :
Develops and supports each point/argument
c. Reiteration
Restates writer’s position
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a. Focus on generic human and non-human participants
b. Use of simple present tense
c. Use of Relational Processes
d. Use of Internal Conjunction to state argument
e. Reasoning through Casual Conjunction or nominalization
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6.
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Exposition (Hortatory)
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a. Thesis :
Announcement of issue concern
b. Arguments :
Reasons for concern, leading to recommendation
c. Recommendation :
Statement of what ought or ought not to happen
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a. Focus on generic human and non-human participants, excepts for speaker or writer reffering to self
b. Use of :
- Mental Processes
- Material Processes
- Relational Processes
c. Use of simple present tense
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7.
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News Item
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To inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important
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a. Newsworthy Events :
Recounts the event in summary form
b. Backround events :
Elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumtances
c. Sources :
Comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities expert on the event
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a. Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
b. Use of Material Processes to retell the event
c. Use of projecting Verbal Processes in Sources stage
d. Focus on Circumstances
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8.
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Narrative
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To amuse, entertain and to deal with actual or vicarious experience in different ways, Narratives deal with problematic events which lead to a crisis or turning point of some kind, which in turn find a resolution
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a. Orientation :
Sets the scene and introduces the participants
b. Evaluation :
A stepping back to evaluate the plight
c. Complication :
A crisis arises
d. Resolution :
The crisis is resolved, for better or for worse
e. Re-orientation :
Optional
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a. Focus on specific and usually individualized participants
b. Use of Material Processes, Behavioual and Verbal Processes
c. Use of Relational Processes and Mental Processes
d. Use of temporal conjunctions and temporal circumstances
e. Use of Past Tanse
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9.
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Procedure
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To describe how something is accomplished through a sequence of actions or steps
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a. Goal
b. Materials
c. Steps
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a. Focus on generalized human agents
b. Use of simple present tense, often imperative
c. Use mainly of temporal conjunctions
d. Use mainly of Material Processes
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10.
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Description
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To describe a particular person, place or thing
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a. Identification :
Identifies phenomenon to be described
b. Description :
Describes parts, qualities, characteristics
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a. Focus on specific participants
b. Use of Attributive and Identifying Processes
c. Frequent use of Ephitets and Classifiers in nominal groups
d. Use of simple present tense
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11.
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Review
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To critique an art work, event for a public audience. Such works of art include movies, TV shows, books, plays, operas, recordings, exhibitions, concerts and ballets
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a. Orientation :
Places the work in its general and particular context, often by comparing it with others of its kind or through analogue with a non-art object or event
b. Interpretive Recount :
Summaries the plot and/or provides an account of how the reviewed rendition of the work came into being, is optional, but if present, event recursive
c. Evaluative Summation :
Provides a kind of punchline which sums up the reviewer’s opinion of the art event as a whole, is optional
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a. Focus on Particular Participants
b. Direct expression of options through use of Attitudinal Ephitets in nominal groups, qualitative Attributes and Affective Mental Processes
c. Use of elaborating and extending clause and group complexes to package the information
d. Use of metaphorical language
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